Air fryers have become a modern kitchen staple, promising healthier fried foods with less oil. But a new study reveals a surprising truth: dirty air fryers can release harmful particles and gases into your home, potentially undermining their health benefits. While still far cleaner than traditional frying, neglected air fryers can degrade indoor air quality.
The Science Behind the Emissions
Researchers at the University of Birmingham investigated the emissions from air fryers, comparing them to deep and shallow frying. The findings were clear: air frying produces 10 to 100 times fewer volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) than conventional frying methods. This is significant because both VOCs and UFPs are linked to health problems.
However, the study took a critical turn when examining uncleaned air fryers. After 70 uses without a deep clean, the appliance emitted 23% more cooking-related VOCs and over twice as many UFPs compared to a clean one. This increase stems from built-up oil residue and food particles re-cooking during each use.
Why This Matters: The Health Impacts
VOCs are gases released when heating oils and fats, with exposure linked to respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and even cancer. One review of 69 studies found high VOC levels associated with asthma, upper airway symptoms, and increased cancer risk. UFPs, microscopic particles, can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, contributing to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and elevated blood pressure. A 17-year study demonstrated that short-term UFP exposure increased hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
Despite these risks, the Birmingham study found emissions from even dirty air fryers remained below UK safety limits. The concern isn’t about immediate danger but about optimizing the appliance’s health benefits by minimizing indoor air pollution.
How to Keep Your Air Fryer Clean (and Your Air Healthy)
The buildup inside an air fryer is simple: oil splatters onto heating elements, food particles lodge in crevices, and a greasy film accumulates. Each preheat cycle re-cooks these remnants, releasing VOCs and aerosolizing particles. Fortunately, the fix is straightforward:
- Deep Clean Regularly: At least monthly (more often with frequent use), thoroughly clean the heating element area, interior walls, and any hard-to-reach spots.
- Choose a Cleanable Model: Look for air fryers with removable, dishwasher-safe parts and easily accessible interiors. Avoid non-stick materials containing PFAS.
- Cook Lower-Fat Foods: Foods like frozen onion rings and bacon produce more emissions than vegetables or lean proteins.
- Ventilate Your Kitchen: Use a range hood while cooking to reduce UFP exposure by 31-98%. Opening a window also helps.
- Wipe Down After Each Use: Prevent buildup by wiping the air fryer once it’s cool enough to handle.
Air fryers remain a healthier alternative to traditional frying, but neglecting maintenance can compromise their benefits. By following these simple cleaning habits, you can enjoy crispy, low-oil meals without sacrificing indoor air quality.
