A recent study suggests that the size and shape of your gluteus maximus – the primary muscle in your buttocks – could provide early indicators of metabolic health and potential type 2 diabetes risk, even before symptoms develop. Researchers at the University of Westminster in London used advanced MRI imaging to identify structural changes in this muscle linked to the disease.
How the Study Worked: Mapping the Butts of 61,000 People
The study analyzed over 61,000 MRI scans, using a technique called 3D statistical shape analysis to create detailed muscle models. This approach goes beyond simple volume or fat measurements, precisely mapping how the muscle changes in response to age, activity, and health conditions. Researchers quantified these changes by measuring “surface-to-surface distance”—essentially, whether an area of muscle bulges or shrinks compared to a standard template.
Key Findings: Men vs. Women Show Different Patterns
The results showed distinct patterns between men and women with type 2 diabetes. In men, MRIs revealed small indentations in the gluteus maximus, indicating localized muscle thinning. This suggests early muscle atrophy, where the muscle wastes away in specific areas.
In women, the opposite was observed: small bulges in the muscle, consistent with increased fat accumulation within the muscle tissue (fatty infiltration). This is a sign that muscle is being replaced by fat.
“These opposite signatures indicate that the same disease manifests differently in male and female muscle,” explains lead author Marjola Thanaj, PhD.
Why This Matters: Muscle, Metabolism, and Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes develops when cells become resistant to insulin, leading to rising blood sugar levels. Muscle plays a critical role in glucose utilization; reduced muscle mass and increased fat contribute to insulin resistance. The gluteus maximus, being the largest muscle in the body, is a key metabolic engine. Changes in its structure could be an early warning sign.
According to Dr. Marilyn Tan of Stanford Health Care (who was not involved in the study), this research highlights how vital muscle mass is for metabolic health. The findings raise questions about how glucose control affects muscle changes and whether other chronic conditions have similar impacts.
Takeaway: Strong Glutes, Lower Risk?
The study suggests that maintaining strong, well-conditioned gluteal muscles may help prevent type 2 diabetes. Early structural changes, such as increased intramuscular fat, could signal emerging metabolic dysfunction.
To strengthen your glutes and potentially reduce diabetes risk, prioritize regular exercise, reduce sedentary behavior, and maintain a healthy weight.
This study reinforces the importance of lifestyle factors in metabolic health. The gluteus maximus is not just for aesthetics; it’s a crucial part of your body’s metabolic machinery.
Sources:
- Precision Imaging of Sex-Specific Adaptation in Gluteus Maximum Morphology and Type 2 Diabetes: a Large-Scale MRI Study. Radiological Society of North America.
- Al-Sofiani ME et al. Body Composition Changes in Diabetes and Aging. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. April 3, 2019.
